One Welfare: Assessing the Effects of Drought and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Farmers' Well-Being and Their Perception of Goats' Welfare.

Considering the interconnections between human well-being, animal welfare, and the environment, this study aimed to investigate the impacts of drought and the COVID-19 pandemic on small-scale goat farmers' well-being and their perception of goats' welfare following the One Welfare framework. Using a telephone survey, close-ended questions, and Likert scales, we assessed the impacts of drought and the COVID-19 pandemic on human well-being and animal welfare in the Coquimbo region of Chile. The DASS-21 questionnaire was used to evaluate farmers' mental health. Goat farmers perceived the scarcity of water and food for animals as factors that negatively affected animal productivity and welfare and caused an increase in farmers' stress levels. Farmers who had not been visited by a veterinarian showed higher levels of stress than those who received one visit during the year (M = 10 vs. 2, p = 0.025). Additionally, farmers who perceived better welfare of their animals showed lower levels of depression (rs = -0.17, p = 0.048), anxiety (rs = -0.21, p = 0.016), and stress (rs = -0.33, p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of addressing farmers' mental health and veterinary support as crucial aspects to ensure both goat welfare and farm productivity.

The association between academic pressure and adolescent mental health problems: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Academic pressure is a potential contributor to adolescent mental health problems, but international evidence on this association has never been synthesised. METHODS: We conducted the first systematic review of the association between academic pressure and adolescent depression, anxiety, self-harm, suicidality, suicide attempts and suicide. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC and Web of Science (core collection) up to November 24, 2022, for studies of school-going children or adolescents, which measured academic pressure or timing within the school year as the exposure and depression, anxiety, self-harm, or suicidal ideation, attempts or suicide as outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We used narrative synthesis to summarise the evidence. The review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021232702). RESULTS: We included 52 studies. Most studies assessed mixed anxiety and depressive symptoms (n = 20) or depressive symptoms (n = 19). Forty-eight studies found evidence of a positive association between academic pressure or timing within the school year and at least one mental health outcome. LIMITATIONS: Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 39), adjusted for a narrow range of confounders or had other limitations which limited the strength of causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence that academic pressure is a potential candidate for public health interventions which could prevent adolescent mental health problems. Large population-based cohort studies are needed to investigate whether academic pressure is a causal risk factor that should be targeted in school- and policy-based interventions. FUNDING: UCL Health of the Public; Wellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund.

A centronuclear myopathy-causing mutation in dynamin-2 disrupts neuronal morphology and excitatory synaptic transmission in a murine model of the disease.

AIMS: Dynamin-2 is a large GTPase, a member of the dynamin superfamily that regulates membrane remodelling and cytoskeleton dynamics. Mutations in the dynamin-2 gene (DNM2) cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM), a congenital neuromuscular disorder characterised by progressive weakness and atrophy of the skeletal muscles. Cognitive defects have been reported in some DNM2-linked CNM patients suggesting that these mutations can also affect the central nervous system (CNS). Here we studied how a dynamin-2 CNM-causing mutation influences the CNS function. METHODS: Heterozygous mice harbouring the p.R465W mutation in the dynamin-2 gene (HTZ), the most common causing autosomal dominant CNM, were used as disease model. We evaluated dendritic arborisation and spine density in hippocampal cultured neurons, analysed excitatory synaptic transmission by electrophysiological field recordings in hippocampal slices, and evaluated cognitive function by performing behavioural tests. RESULTS: HTZ hippocampal neurons exhibited reduced dendritic arborisation and lower spine density than WT neurons, which was reversed by transfecting an interference RNA against the dynamin-2 mutant allele. Additionally, HTZ mice showed defective hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission and reduced recognition memory compared to the WT condition. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the dynamin-2 p.R465W mutation perturbs the synaptic and cognitive function in a CNM mouse model and support the idea that this GTPase plays a key role in regulating neuronal morphology and excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.

Pannexin-1 Modulates Inhibitory Transmission and Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity.

Pannexin-1 (Panx1) hemichannel is a non-selective transmembrane channel that may play important roles in intercellular signaling by allowing the permeation of ions and metabolites, such as ATP. Although recent evidence shows that the Panx1 hemichannel is involved in controlling excitatory synaptic transmission, the role of Panx1 in inhibitory transmission remains unknown. Here, we studied the contribution of Panx1 to the GABAergic synaptic efficacy onto CA1 pyramidal neurons (PyNs) by using patch-clamp recordings and pharmacological approaches in wild-type and Panx1 knock-out (Panx1-KO) mice. We reported that blockage of the Panx1 hemichannel with the mimetic peptide 10Panx1 increases the synaptic level of endocannabinoids (eCB) and the activation of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1Rs), which results in a decrease in hippocampal GABAergic efficacy, shifting excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance toward excitation and facilitating the induction of long-term potentiation. Our finding provides important insight unveiling that Panx1 can strongly influence the overall neuronal excitability and play a key role in shaping synaptic changes affecting the amplitude and direction of plasticity, as well as learning and memory processes.

Measuring Sheep Tails: A Preliminary Study Using Length (Mm), Vulva Cover Assessment, and Number of Tail Joints.

Docking sheep tails is a long-standing practice that, when done at the recommended length, reduces the risk of flystrike. The recommended length is to cover the vulva of ewes and to a similar length in males. This length is often equated to three coccygeal joints left intact, and there are many other ways the recommended length is described by researchers, industry, and government. This study compared the observer consistency and retest consistency using three different tail length measurement methods: vulva cover assessment, length (mm), and joint palpation. The tails of 51 yearling and 48 weaner Merino ewes were assessed by two observers. Length and vulva cover assessment methods provided the most reliable results, and joint palpation was the least reliable method of tail measurement. In the sample, tails that covered the vulva of yearlings and weaners measured 57.6 mm (n = 14) and 63.7 mm (n = 30) on average, respectively, and contained two coccygeal joints (more than two coccygeal vertebrae). Tails that did not cover the vulva of yearlings and weaners measured 41.3 mm (n = 36) and 52.8 mm (n = 17) on average, respectively, and had less than two coccygeal joints. The two most reliable methods enable valid comparison to the best practice recommendations.

Significant heterogeneity in the diagnosis and long-term management of Wilson disease: Results from a large multicenter Spanish study.

There is uncertainty regarding Wilson's disease (WD) management. OBJECTIVES: To assess, in a multicenter Spanish retrospective cohort study, whether the approach to WD is homogeneous among centers. METHODS: Data on WD patients followed at 32 Spanish hospitals were collected. RESULTS: 153 cases, 58% men, 20.6 years at diagnosis, 69.1% hepatic presentation, were followed for 15.5 years. Discordant results in non-invasive laboratory parameters were present in 39.8%. Intrahepatic copper concentration was pathologic in 82.4%. Genetic testing was only done in 56.6% with positive results in 83.9%. A definite WD diagnosis (Leipzig score ≥4) was retrospectively confirmed in 92.5% of cases. Chelating agents were standard initial therapy (75.2%) with frequent modifications (57%), particularly to maintenance zinc. Enzyme normalization was not achieved by one third, most commonly in the setting of poor compliance, lack of genetic mutations and/or presence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Although not statistically significant, there were trends for sex differences in number of diagnosed cases, age at diagnosis and biochemical response. CONCLUSIONS: Significant heterogeneity in diagnosis and management of WD patients emerges from this multicenter study that includes both small and large reference centers. The incorporation of genetic testing will likely improve diagnosis. Sex differences need to be further explored.

Impacto del terremoto más potente de la humanidad en el desarrollo profesional de la enfermería en el sur de Chile / Impacto do terremoto mais poderoso da humanidade no desenvolvimento profissional da enfermagem no sul do Chile / The Impact of humankind’s most powerful earthquake on the professional development of nursing in the South of Chile

Introduction: Natural catastrophes influence the progress of nursing. The largest recorded earthquake in the world occurred in the South of Chile and is documented as driving the development of nursing in the city of Valdivia, but not in similarly-affected places. Objective: To describe the impact of the mega-earthquake of 1960 in the development of professional nursing in Los Lagos. Methodology: qualitative-historical study. Snowball sampling. Data collection through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. Inclusion criteria: belonging to the health team of the place and period studied. Informants with cognitive deterioration were excluded. Thematic analysis was carried out. Atlas Ti version 8.3.0 was used. Study approved by ethics committee. Results: in 1960 there were no nurses in Los Lagos and the only hospital in the area was incapacitated. A field hospital was installed, and a new hospital was built with national and international help, which led toarrival of the earliest nurses. Conclusion: the mega-earthquake drove the improvement of health infrastructure and the subsequent arrival of the earliest nurses, which contributed to more complex local health services and raised the quality of care. (AU)

Introducción: Las catástrofes naturales influyen en el progreso de la enfermería. En el surde Chile ocurrió el mayor terremoto registrado en el mundo y está documentado cómo impulsó el desarrollo de la enfermería en la ciudad de Valdivia, pero no en otras localidades igual de afectadas. Objetivo: Develar el impacto del mega terremoto de 1960 en el desarrollo de la enfermería profesional en Los Lagos. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo histórico. Muestreo bola de nieve. Recolección de datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y fuentes secundarias. Criterio de inclusión: pertenecer al equipo de salud del lugar en el periodo estudiado. Se excluyó informantes con deterioro cognitivo. Se realizó análisis temático. Se utilizó software Atlas Ti versión 8.3.0. Estudio aprobado por comité de ética. Resultados: En 1960 no existían enfermeras en Los Lagos y el único hospital del lugar quedó inhabilitado. Se instaló un hospital de campaña y, gracias a ayuda nacional e internacional, se construyó un nuevo hospital lo que desencadenó la llegada de las primeras enfermeras. Conclusión: El mega terremoto impulsó la mejora de la infraestructura sanitaria y la consecuente llegada de las primeras enfermeras, lo que contribuyó a complejizar las prestaciones de salud local y elevó la calidad de los cuidados. (AU)

Introdução: Os desastres naturais influenciam o progresso da enfermagem. O maior terremoto registrado no mundo ocorreu no sul do Chile e está documentado como promoveu o desenvolvimento da enfermagem na cidade de Valdivia, mas não em outros locais igualmente afetados. Objetivo: Revelar o impacto do mega terremoto de 1960 no desenvolvimento da enfermagem profissional em Los Lagos. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo histórico. Amostragem de bola de neve. Coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e fontes secundárias. Critérios de inclusão: pertencer à equipe de saúde do local no período estudado. Foram excluídos informantes com comprometimento cognitivo. Foi realizada análise temática. Foi utilizado o software Atlas Ti versão 8.3.0. Estudo aprovado por comitê de ética. Resultados: Em 1960 não havia enfermeiros em Los Lagos e o único hospital da região estava desativado. Foi instalado um hospital de campanha e, graças a ajudas nacionais e internacionais, foi construído um novo hospital, o que desencadeou a chegada dos primeiros enfermeiros. Conclusão: O megaterremoto promoveu a melhoria da infraestrutura de saúde e a consequente chegada dos primeiros enfermeiros, o que contribuiu para tornar os serviços de saúde locais mais complexos e elevar a qualidade do atendimento. (AU)

The Long-Term Pannexin 1 Ablation Produces Structural and Functional Modifications in Hippocampal Neurons.

Enhanced activity and overexpression of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels contribute to neuronal pathologies such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Panx1 channel ablation alters the hippocampus's glutamatergic neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and memory flexibility. Nevertheless, Panx1-knockout (Panx1-KO) mice still retain the ability to learn, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms stabilize their neuronal activity. Here, we show that the absence of Panx1 in the adult brain promotes a series of structural and functional modifications in the Panx1-KO hippocampal synapses, preserving spontaneous activity. Compared to the wild-type (WT) condition, the adult hippocampal neurons of Panx1-KO mice exhibit enhanced excitability, a more complex dendritic branching, enhanced spine maturation, and an increased proportion of multiple synaptic contacts. These modifications seem to rely on the actin-cytoskeleton dynamics as an increase in the actin polymerization and an imbalance between the Rac1 and the RhoA GTPase activities were observed in Panx1-KO brain tissues. Our findings highlight a novel interaction between Panx1 channels, actin, and Rho GTPases, which appear to be relevant for synapse stability.

Differences in public and producer attitudes toward animal welfare in the red meat industries.

Societal concerns dictate the need for animal welfare standards and legislation. The public and livestock producers often differ on their views of livestock welfare, and failure to meet public expectations may threaten the "social license to operate" increasing the cost of production and hampering the success of the industry. This study examined public and producer attitudes toward common practices and animal welfare issues in the Australian red meat industry, knowledge of these practices, and public and producer trust in people working the red meat industry using an Australia-wide survey of both the general public (n = 501) and red meat producers (n = 200). Public participants were recruited using a random digit dialing telephone survey (Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing) while the red meat producers were randomly selected within a curated database of Australian red meat producers. After controlling for gender and age, there were marked differences (p < 0.01) between public and producer respondents in 20 of the 27 attitude, trust and knowledge variables studied. Producers reported more positive beliefs in the conditions provided for sheep and beef cattle during sea and land transport, the husbandry practices used in the red meat industry, and red meat attributes regarding human health, environmental impact, animal use and animal welfare. Both public and producers reported similar levels of trust in conventional and commercial media and had similar beliefs about animal rights, prevention of animal cruelty and balancing the welfare of people and animals. The results indicate a polarization between the public and livestock producers in their attitudes toward animal welfare, knowledge of husbandry practices and trust in livestock people.

Improving Communication in the Red Meat Industry: Opinion Leaders May Be Used to Inform the Public About Farm Practices and Their Animal Welfare Implications.

Opinion leaders (OLs) within the community may lead debate on animal welfare issues and provide a path for information to their social networks. However, little is known about OLs' attitudes, activities conducted to express their views about animal welfare and whether they are well informed, or not, about husbandry practices in the red meat industry. This study aimed to (1) identify OLs in the general public and among producers and (2) compare OLs and non-OLs' attitudes, knowledge and actions to express their views about the red meat industry. Two questionnaires, one for the Australian general public (n = 501) and one for Australian red meat producers (n = 200), were developed to identify general attitudes. From these questionnaires, OLs were identified using a two-step cluster analysis. Subsequently, a sub-sample of 19 OLs (including the public and producers) participated in a follow-up phone interview. Results disclosed some clear OLs' characteristics. Public OLs held more negative perceptions of the red meat industry and perceived they had more knowledge about husbandry procedures. However, their actual knowledge about animal husbandry was not different from non-OLs. Public OLs also used and trusted social and internet media more than did non-OLs. In the producer group, a large percentage of OLs were identified (64.0% compared to 29.1% in the public group). Producer OLs had more actual knowledge about animal husbandry and engaged in more behaviours to express dissatisfaction with the industry than non-OLs (dissatisfaction in relation to the image of the red meat industry). Unlike the public respondents, this group used conventional media more than social and internet media, and their levels of trust in all kinds of media were low. While there were clear differences, both groups believed that is important to increase communication and educate about farm practices. This may present an opportunity to develop an opinion leader intervention strategy where informed OLs could later disseminate accurate information to their social networks. Further studies should test if sustained and facilitated educational sessions between public and producer OLs can assist in increasing communication, knowledge and perhaps, may assist in achieving convergence of concerns and expectations between both groups.

Clinical Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health problem. Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are at a higher risk of infection and mortality than the general population. Worldwide, a vaccination campaign has been developed that has been shown to reduce severe infections and deaths in the general population. However, there are currently limited data on the clinical efficacy of vaccinations in the hemodialysis population. Methods: A national multicenter observational cohort was performed in Chile to evaluate the clinical efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in end-stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis from February 2021 to August 2021. In addition, the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccines were evaluated. The efficacy of vaccination in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalizations, and deaths associated with COVID-19 was determined. Results: A total of 12,301 patients were evaluated; 10,615 (86.3%) received a complete vaccination (2 doses), 490 (4.0%) received incomplete vaccination, and 1196 (9.7%) were not vaccinated. During follow-up, 1362 (11.0%) patients developed COVID-19, and 150 died (case fatality rate: 11.0%). The efficacy of the complete vaccination in preventing infection was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]:11.8-23.8%), and prevention of death was 66.0% (95% CI:60.6-70.7%). When comparing both vaccines, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were effective in reducing infection and deaths associated with COVID-19. Nevertheless, the BNT162b2 vaccine had higher efficacy in preventing infection (42.6% vs. 15.0%) and deaths (90.4% vs. 64.8%) compared to CoronaVac. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients on chronic hemodialysis was effective in preventing infection and death associated with COVID-19.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Transgender Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs (T-KAB) Scale for the Mexican Population.

Transphobia is a result of the widespread lack of knowledge among the general population, together with prejudice based on irrational fear and hatred, of those who do not fit the dominant, socially established gender categories. Little is known about transgender-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among the Mexican population, due to the lack of reliable, valid Spanish-language instruments. This study presents a Spanish translation of the Transgender Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs (T-KAB) Scale and examines its psychometric properties for the Mexican population. A cohort of 501 adult subjects, 337 (67.3%) women and 161 (32.1%) men, drawn from the general population, answered the T-KAB in an anonymous online survey. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency measure were used to determine whether its dimensions were reliable and valid for use in a Mexican Spanish language and cultural context. A CFA including the three original dimensions proposed and excluding one item from the T-KAB Scale showed appropriate goodness of fit indices (χ2(180) = 389.41; χ2/df = 2.16, RMSEA = 0.048, CI [0.042, 0.055]; CFI = 0.971; TLI = 0.966), with Cronbach's alpha values over 0.85. The psychometric properties exhibited by the Spanish version of the T-KAB support its use for the assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding transgender people in the Mexican cultural context. This instrument offers researchers a brief, reliable, valid, and easy self-report measure to use in further studies in Spanish-speaking populations.

Survival study and factors associated with mortality in Chilean patients on peritoneal dialysis infected with SARS-CoV-2.

The Covid-19 pandemic has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Patients with comorbidities- such as those on peritoneal dialysis (PD)- present higher morbidity and mortality than the general population. We prospectively evaluated all Chilean patients on PD (48 centres) and followed those who had Covid-19 from the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in Chile (March 2020) to January 2021 (start of vaccination campaign). We described demographic history, comorbidities, factors related to infection, need for hospitalisation and death due to Covid-19. During the study period, 106 adults on PD were infected by SARS-CoV-2, with a mean age of 53.1 (±16.3) and of which 53.9% were female. From that group, 54.8% required hospitalisation and 24.5% (n = 26) died due to Covid-19. Most of the patients (63.4%) were infected at home and 22.8% during hospitalisation for other reasons. There was a significant association for Covid-19 mortality with: being ≥60 years old, diabetes, time on PD ≥5 years, need for hospitalisation and hospital-acquired infection. At 90 days of follow-up, all deaths associated to Covid-19 occurred before 40 days. We conclude that patients on PD without Covid-19 vaccination have a high mortality and need for hospitalisation associated to Covid-19. To avoid this negative outcome, it is necessary to intensify strategies to avoid contagion, especially in those ≥60 years old, with diabetes and/or ≥5 years spent on PD.

Prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in antioquia between 2016 and 2018.

BACKGROUND: There are few epidemiological studies published in the world evaluating the prevalence of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). The true prevalence of the disease is not known and the studies carried out are based on the diagnostic criteria used prior to 2015. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of NMOSD in Antioquia, from January 2016 to December 2018. METHODS: The prevalence of NMOSD in Antioquia was determined using the Capture-Recapture Method. Eight centers in the Department of Antioquia for the care of patients with neurological diseases were included. The data was collected between 2016 and 2018. RESULTS: A total of 221 consultation histories, 169 patients with a diagnosis of NMOSD were identified. The prevalence was 4.03 cases/100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-4.8) of whom (87.5%), were women and the predominant race was Mestizo (81.6%). The most frequent initial presentation was optic neuritis (ON) (50.9%). Most of the patients had motor or visual disability (86.4%) and the treatment most used was Rituximab (47.9%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NMOSD in Antioquia is one of the highest reported in the world, except for the French Antilles. More studies are required to know the prevalence of this disease in the Colombian population.

African Swine Fever Survey in a European Context.

African swine fever (ASF) is currently the most threatening disease for domestic and wild pigs worldwide. Wild boar has been the main affected species in all EU countries except for Romania, where most notifications occur in domestic pigs. The spread of ASF in wild boar is challenging to control; risk factors are harder to identify and establish than in domestic pigs, which, together with an underestimation of the disease and the lack of treatment or an effective vaccine, are hindering control and eradication efforts. We distributed two online questionnaires, one for domestic pigs and one for wild boar, to experts of different background and countries in Europe, to explore risk factors in relation to ASF control connected to farming, hunting, trade, the environment, and domestic pig and wild boar populations. Overall, wild boar movements were estimated to pose the highest risk of ASF introduction and spread. The movement of pork and pork products for own consumption also ranked high. Here we explored, in addition to the assessment of risk pathways, the identification of risks of transmission at the domestic/wild boar interface, the importance of biosecurity practices and improved control efforts, and controversial opinions that require further attention.

Expression of KID syndromic mutation Cx26S17F produces hyperactive hemichannels in supporting cells of the organ of Corti.

Some mutations in gap junction protein Connexin 26 (Cx26) lead to syndromic deafness, where hearing impairment is associated with skin disease, like in Keratitis Ichthyosis Deafness (KID) syndrome. This condition has been linked to hyperactivity of connexin hemichannels but this has never been demonstrated in cochlear tissue. Moreover, some KID mutants, like Cx26S17F, form hyperactive HCs only when co-expressed with other wild-type connexins. In this work, we evaluated the functional consequences of expressing a KID syndromic mutation, Cx26S17F, in the transgenic mouse cochlea and whether co-expression of Cx26S17F and Cx30 leads to the formation of hyperactive HCs. Indeed, we found that cochlear explants from a constitutive knock-in Cx26S17F mouse or conditional in vitro cochlear expression of Cx26S17F produces hyperactive HCs in supporting cells of the organ of Corti. These conditions also produce loss of hair cells stereocilia. In supporting cells, we found high co-localization between Cx26S17F and Cx30. The functional properties of HCs formed in cells co-expressing Cx26S17F and Cx30 were also studied in oocytes and HeLa cells. Under the recording conditions used in this study Cx26S17F did not form functional HCs and GJCs, but cells co-expressing Cx26S17F and Cx30 present hyperactive HCs insensitive to HCs blockers, Ca2+ and La3+, resulting in more Ca2+ influx and cellular damage. Molecular dynamic analysis of putative heteromeric HC formed by Cx26S17F and Cx30 presents alterations in extracellular Ca2+ binding sites. These results support that in KID syndrome, hyperactive HCs are formed by the interaction between Cx26S17F and Cx30 in supporting cells probably causing damage to hair cells associated to deafness.

Experiencias de vida de personas con Covid-19 durante el periodo de cuarentena / Life experiences of people with Covid-19 during the quarantine period

Objetivo principal: comprender las experiencias de vida de personas con diagnóstico de Covid-19 durante el periodo de cuarentena en Santiago de Chile. Diseño: estudio cualitativo descriptivo de carácter fenomenológico y exploratorio. Metodología: Los participantes fueron personas entre 18 y 65 años, con infección previa por Covid-19 y PCR positivo. Se utilizó un muestreo intencional con 11 informantes. La información se recogió́ a través de entrevistas en profundidad vía online, grabadas y transcritas manualmente. Para el análisis se siguió́ la metodología de Colaizzi. Resultados principales: emociones intensas, apoyo de familiares y vecinos, estigma y autocuidado, fueron las cuatro categorías surgidas del análisis. Conclusión principal: las personas con Covid-19 tuvieron en general un alto riesgo de tener problemas emocionales y sociales. Sin embargo, la pandemia también tuvo un efecto positivo sobre las relaciones familiares, el sentido a la vida, el autocontrol y el autocuidado.(AU)

Main objective: to understand the life experiences of people diagnosed with Covid-19 during the quarantine period in Santiago de Chile city. Design: a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study with an exploratory approach. Methodology: Participants aged between 18 and 65 years, with previous Covid-19 infection and positive PCR. Purposive sampling with 11 informants was used. The information was collected through in-depth online interviews, recorded, and manually transcribed. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Main results: intense emotions, support from family and neighbors, stigma and self-care were the four categories that emerged from the analysis. Main conclusion: people with Covid-19 had a high risk for emotional and social problems. However, the pandemic also had a positive effect on family relationships, meaning of life, self-control, and self-care.(AU)

Evaluación de cursos en línea, masivos y abiertos de educación en salud y nutrición para prevenir la obesidad / Assessment of massive open online courses for teaching nutrition and preventing obesity

Background: A massive open online course (MOOC) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. Aim: To assess the MOOC experience for teaching nutrition, healthy food consumption, physical activity and health promotion to prevent obesity. Material and Methods: Two MOOC courses, (one with two versions), are described with the registration and evaluation instruments such as surveys carried out at the beginning and at the end of the courses. Effective participants in the three versions were 17.456, 11.121 in MOOC1, 2.351 in MOOC1 second version and 3.984 in MOOC2. Their median age was 31 years, 82% were women, 60% were professionals and 12% were foreigners. Results: In the final evaluation of the three courses, 85% to 99% qualified as "very good" or "good" all the surveyed topics. Thirty five percent of participants reported having lack of time, 11% reported problems with internet connectivity and 3.9%, personal or work problems. Conclusions: This is the first experience with MOOC in health and nutrition to prevent obesity in Chile. Considering the good results and positive evaluation of these courses, we estimate that they are an important tool to prevent obesity and chronic diseases in Chile, Latin America and other regions of the world.

Virtual Navigation Endoscopically Integrated Into Orbital Trauma.

ABSTRACT: Orbital reconstruction has traditionally been accomplished utilizing different techniques developed for this purpose and has been modified and improved throughout the years. However, there is a high rate of complications associated with eye globe positioning and/or migration of implants, which has created the need to continue to improve these techniques to decrease the frequency of complications. On the other hand, techniques that involve an endoscopic approach and technologies that use virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional model impressions are being used more often to decrease complication rates and seek better surgical outcomes. Combining these 2 methods results in endoscopically integrated virtual surgical navigation. When used for orbital reconstruction, it can be a great alternative and can be useful to decrease the risk of complications associated with this procedure. Therefore, this technical note aims to describe the integration of these 2 techniques into the same instrument to demonstrate the synergy of their benefits when used together.

Meningoencefalitis por Listeria monocytogenes / Meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes

RESUMEN La neurolisteriosis se presenta principalmente como meningitis o meningoencefalitis, en menor frecuencia romboencefalitis o absceso cerebral. Es la principal causa de muerte entre todas las meningitis bacterianas y se asocia con una alta tasa de discapacidad neurológica. Para su diagnóstico se deben tener en cuenta la edad y los factores de riesgo, principalmente individuos mayores de 50 años y con condiciones de inmunosupresión. Las ayudas diagnósticas son clave para lograr el aislamiento de Lm, donde el cultivo de LCR tiene la mejor sensibilidad. Aunque faltan estudios que demuestren la superioridad de los estudios moleculares, el FilmArray-MEP parece ser prometedor en el aislamiento rápido y preciso de los principales microorganismos involucrados en la meningitis piógena, entre estos Lm. La IRM cerebral es el estudio de elección para el diagnóstico de romboencefalitis. La piedra angular del tratamiento sigue siendo ampicilina, cuya asociación con aminoglucósido podría disminuir la mortalidad.

SUMMARY Neurolisteriosis presents mainly as meningitis or meningoencephalitis, to a lesser extent rhombencephalitis or brain abscess frequency. It is the leading cause of death among all Bacterial meningitis and is associated with a high rate of neurological disability. For your diagnosis must take into account age and risk factors, mainly over 50 years and with immunosuppression conditions. Diagnostic aids are key to achieving the isolation of Lm, where CSF culture has the best sensitivity. Although studies are lacking demonstrating the superiority of molecular studies, the Film Array-MEP appears to be promising in fast and accurate isolation of the main microorganisms involved in pyogenic meningitis, among these Lm. Brain MRI is the study of choice for the diagnosis of rhombencephalitis. The cornerstone of treatment remains ampicillin, and its association with aminoglycoside could decrease mortality.